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An inflammation of the soft tissues around the teeth is known as periodontal disease. The gum condition is characterized by swollen, tender gums and eventual tooth loss. It begins with the bacterial plaque deposition on the teeth and below the gum margin. The plaque in bacteria causes irritation and erodes the neighboring tissues. Early stage of periodontal disease is reversible but if it is left without treatment there will be destruction of gums and teeth.

For variety of reasons gum infections can arise. One of the reason is the lack of vitamin C and this can lead to scurvy and can eventually result to bleeding and spongy gums moreover tooth loss. It has also linked to genetic basis.

Brushing and flossing properly can effectively prevent dental problems. A soft-bristled toothbrush is the most effective nonprescription tool. It has the ability to remove plaque that sticks on the surface of teeth and on the gum line. The bacterial plaque can be also reduced through daily flossing every after meal. It is also important to have regular dental check up and cleanings so as to avoid periodontal surgery, the requirement for severe periodontal disease.